Bone Mineral Density and Serum Levels of Bone Remodeling Markers in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Anti TNF-α Agents
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Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoinflammatory rheumatic disease mainly affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine, causing altered bone remodeling. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-17 contribute to bone loss by modulating... ...
