Exploring the synergy of CO2 nanobubbles and biochar as a hydroponic substrate for enhanced carbon and nutrient utilization with a comprehensive health risk assessment
{{output}}
In this study, a deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponic system integrating carbon dioxide nanobubble (CNB) water and biochar (BC) was explored as a potential substrate for carbon and nutrient management. Lettuce seedlings were cultivated under varying substrates,... ...
