Thinking Outside the Box: Case Report of a Rare Quadricuspid Aortic Valve as an Underrecognized Cause of Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
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Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital anomaly with an estimated incidence of 0.008% to 0.043% based on autopsy and echocardiographic studies. Although often asymptomatic, it can lead to progressive aortic regurgitation (AR), left ventricular (LV... ...
