Periadventitial delivery of mesenchymal stem cells improves vascular remodeling and maturation in arteriovenous fistulas
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Worldwide, more than 4 million patients with end-stage kidney disease require hemodialysis through an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). AVFs fail because of venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) resulting in venous stenosis formation. A phase 1 randomized trial in pa... ...
