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An acoustic-optic confocal probe based photoacoustic and ultrasonic tracheal endoscopy for characterizing phantom and model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Integrated photoacoustic endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound (PAE/EUS) are recognized as an effective method for detecting intestinal and intravascular diseases. Changes in the morphology and composition of the trachea are significant hallmarks of respiratory ... ...