The chloroplast translocon subunit TOC33 relays singlet oxygen-induced chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis
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Chloroplasts engaged in oxygenic photosynthesis frequently overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress conditions, with singlet oxygen (1O2) being particularly harmful due to its high reactivity and short lifespan. The nuclear-encoded chloroplast pr... ...
