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Ex Vivo High-Dose Ionizing Irradiation-Conditioned Nanovesicles for Enhancing the Immune Effects of Tumor Radiotherapy

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Radiotherapy (RT) exhibits a dose-dependent duality in its impact on antitumor immunity. While high-dose irradiation induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) and enhances immune responses, conventional RT is limited by toxicity and may paradoxically promote immuno... ...