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In the Shadow of Godlessness: Soviet Atheists, Proletarian Freethinkers, and the Fate of Secularism in Interwar Europe

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This essay examines how the transnational interactions of two secularist organizations, the International of Proletarian Freethinkers (IPF) and the Soviet League of Militant Godless (League), and their social contexts, shaped the meaning, direction, and fate, ... ...