Smad2/3 Signaling Mediates the Atrophic Response in Vocal Fold Myoblasts In Vitro
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Background/objectives: Vocal fold (VF) muscle atrophy, often associated with neuromuscular disorders and aging, can lead to voice-related disability. Myostatin is well-known to mediate skeletal muscle atrophy via Smad2/3 signalin... ...