The application of paravertebral block for open cholecystectomy in a high-risk patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: a case report
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We present a case of a 57-year-old male patient (American Society of Anesthesiologists status IV) undergoing open cholecystectomy under unilateral thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) and sedation. The patient had severe heart failure, a reduced ejection fracti... ...
