M2 Polarization of RAW264.7-Derived Exosomes Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Inflammation via PKM2/HIF-1α Axis
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Background: Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by alveolar bone loss, primarily driven by excessive osteoclast differentiation and activation. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages have been implica... ...
