Climate change poses a significant threat to Nigeria's agricultural sector, which is a cornerstone of its economy and food security. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, erratic rainfall patterns, and rising temperatures have disrupted agricultural productivity, threatening the livelihoods of millions of Nigerians. Through a comprehensive literature review, synthesizing data from peer-reviewed journals, institutional reports, and credible online sources from 2000 to 2023, this study aims to explore the multi-faceted impacts of climate variability on agricultural production, livestock, fisheries, and food security in Nigeria, and to identify effective adaptation strategies to mitigate these impacts. The findings reveal that climate change has significantly disrupted agricultural productivity in Nigeria, with erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events leading to reduced crop yields, increased pest and disease pressure, and land degradation. Vulnerable crops such as maize, cassava, and rice are particularly affected, while livestock production faces challenges such as heat stress and reduced feed availability. The fisheries sector is also impacted, with shrinking water resources and increasing contamination levels threatening livelihoods. Adaptation strategies, including crop diversification, improved irrigation, and indigenous knowledge practices, offer some resilience but require substantial policy and financial support. The study highlights the urgency of implementing climate-smart agricultural practices, enhancing infrastructure, and promoting public-private partnerships to mitigate climate-induced risks. Recommendations align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 (Zero Hunger), 13 (Climate Action), and 15 (Life on Land), emphasizing the need for sustainable agricultural practices, ecosystem preservation, and adaptive policy frameworks to ensure food security and economic stability in Nigeria. This study provides valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on Nigeria's agricultural sector and offers practical recommendations for building resilience and ensuring sustainable food systems. It reveals the importance of collaborative efforts at all levels to address the challenges posed by climate change and safeguard the nation's agricultural heritage for future generations.

Keywords: Adaptation strategies; Climate change; Crop; Sustainable development; Variability.

© 2025 The Author(s).

气候变化对尼日利亚农业部门构成重大威胁，该部门是其经济和粮食安全的基石。极端天气事件频发、降雨模式不规律以及气温上升已经扰乱了农业生产，危及数百万尼日利亚人的生计。通过综合文献回顾，汇总2000年至2023年期间同行评审期刊、机构报告和可信在线来源的数据，本研究旨在探讨气候多变性对尼日利亚农业生产的多个方面影响，包括畜牧业、渔业以及粮食安全，并识别有效的适应策略以减轻这些影响。研究表明，气候变化已显著扰乱了尼日利亚的农业生产，不规律降雨、气温升高和极端天气事件导致作物产量下降、病虫害压力增加以及土地退化。易受影响的农作物如玉米、木薯和大米受到严重影响，而畜牧业则面临热应激及饲料供应减少的问题。渔业部门也受到影响，水资源缩减和污染水平上升威胁着生计。包括作物多样化、改进灌溉系统和利用本土知识实践在内的适应策略提供了一定程度上的抗逆能力，但需要大量的政策和财政支持。研究强调了实施气候智能型农业实践、加强基础设施建设以及促进公私合作以减轻气候变化风险的紧迫性。建议与联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）中的零饥饿目标（2）、气候行动目标（13）和陆地生命目标（15）相一致，强调需要采取可持续农业实践、生态系统保护及适应性政策框架来确保尼日利亚的粮食安全和经济稳定。本研究为了解气候变化对尼日利亚农业部门的影响提供了宝贵的见解，并提出了构建韧性并确保可持续食物系统的实用建议。研究表明，在各个层面开展协作努力以应对气候变化带来的挑战，保护国家农业遗产对未来几代人至关重要。

关键词：适应策略；气候变化；作物；可持续发展；变异性。