Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the duration of mobile phone usage and the changes in lordotic, kyphotic, and forward head angles in male students with endomorphic body types in high school boys.

Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on male students aged 13 to 15 years in high school boys in Farooj City during the academic year 2022-2023. Using the Morgan table, 200 individuals were selected from the population through simple random sampling, with an average weight of 58.06 ± 9.26 kilograms and an average height of 163.94 ± 7.66 centimeters. Various tools and instruments such as an informed consent form, stadiometer, digital scale, caliper, tape measure, smartphone addiction scale questionnaire, kyphometer, flexible ruler, and craniovertebral angle measurement device were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to check for normality. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between variables, and the analyses were carried out at a 95% confidence level. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.

Results: The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the level of addiction to smartphones and the kyphotic angle (r = 0.416, P = 0.0001), lordotic angle (r = 0.185, P = 0.009), and forward head angle (r = 0.425, P = 0.0001) among male students in high school boys with an endomorphic body type.

Conclusions: The study found that male students with an endomorphic body type who have a higher addiction to smartphones tend to have increased kyphotic, lordotic, and forward head angles. This is concerning, considering adolescents are more sensitive to growth and typically spend much time on their phones. Educating this group on proper smartphone use is essential to avoid potential adverse effects like spinal column abnormalities. The suggested solutions include paying attention to proper posture while sleeping, sitting, walking, and standing and using educational media to study.

Keywords: Endomorphic body type; forward head; kyphotic; lordotic; mobile phone addiction; spinal column; students.

Copyright: © 2025 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.

背景： 本研究旨在确定手机使用时间与内胚型男性高中生的腰椎前凸角、驼背角和头部前倾角变化之间的关系。

方法： 这项描述性相关研究在2022-2023学年期间针对法鲁杰市高中的13至15岁男性学生进行。使用摩根表格，通过简单随机抽样从总体中选取了200名个体，平均体重为58.06 ± 9.26公斤，平均身高为163.94 ± 7.66厘米。数据收集采用了知情同意书、身高测量仪、电子秤、游标卡尺、卷尺、智能手机成瘾量表问卷、驼背角度计、灵活直尺和颅颈角测量设备等多种工具和仪器。使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验检查数据的正态性，采用Pearson和Spearman相关系数来确定变量之间的关系，并在95%置信水平下进行分析。数据分析使用了SPSS版本20。

结果： Spearman相关系数的结果显示，智能手机成瘾程度与驼背角（r = 0.416, P = 0.0001）、腰椎前凸角（r = 0.185, P = 0.009）和头部前倾角（r = 0.425, P = 0.0001）之间存在显著的正相关关系。

结论： 研究表明，内胚型男学生中手机成瘾程度较高者倾向于有更大的驼背角、腰椎前凸角和头部前倾角。考虑到青少年对生长更为敏感，并且通常花费大量时间使用手机，这是一个令人担忧的问题。有必要教育这一群体正确使用智能手机，以避免潜在的不良后果如脊柱异常。建议措施包括注意睡眠、坐姿、行走和站立时的正确姿势，并利用教育媒体进行学习。

关键词：内胚型体型；头部前倾；驼背；腰椎前凸；手机成瘾；脊柱；学生。

版权：© 2025 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.