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Robust two-stage Kalman filter scheme for compensating abrupt and gradual Doppler shifts in establishment and maintenance of LEO-LEO laser inter-satellite links

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A robust two-stage Kalman filter (KF) scheme is proposed to address the challenges of Doppler shifts in LEO-LEO coherent laser inter-satellite links (LISLs). A dual-satellite LEO-LEO LISL model is developed through rotational normalization to analyze the neces... ...