The incidence of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) in the U.S. has increased in the past 20 years, five-year survival after diagnosis is only about 20% and treatment represents a major health care expense. Comprehensive summaries of important details of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PC) have been provided by several prominent medical organizations (http://www.urologyhealth.org). The present review summarizes recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PC), including ⁶⁸gallium-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 positron emission tomography (PET) as the preferred standard for initial staging and post-treatment detection of recurrence, different forms of radiation therapy, and applications of newly approved androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Somatic and germline genetic analyses have identified prostate cancer patients with mutations in genes involved in DNA damage repair who benefit from use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors or immune check-point inhibitors. Developing novel therapies also are described as hopeful possibilities.

Keywords: DNA damage repair; androgen receptor signaling inhibitors; immune check-point inhibitors; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).

Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.

在过去20年里，美国转移性前列腺癌（mPC）的发病率有所增加，诊断后的五年生存率仅为约20%，治疗代表了主要的医疗开支。几个著名的医学组织已经提供了有关前列腺癌（PC）诊断和治疗的重要细节的综合总结（http://www.urologyhealth.org）。本综述总结了前列腺癌（PC）诊断和治疗方面的近期进展，包括使用⁶⁸镓-前列腺特异性膜抗原 (PSMA)-11正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 作为初始分期和术后复发检测的首选标准、不同形式的放射疗法以及新批准的雄激素受体信号抑制剂的应用。通过体细胞和胚系基因分析，已经识别出携带DNA损伤修复相关基因突变的前列腺癌患者可以从多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂或免疫检查点抑制剂中获益。本综述还描述了开发新型疗法作为有希望的可能性。

关键词：DNA 损伤修复；雄激素受体信号抑制剂；免疫检查点抑制剂；多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶 (PARP)。