Background: The current study aims to determine whether prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene polymorphism confers a risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim is to find out the novel markers for predicting HCC risk and provide an early warning mechanism for the population susceptible to HCC.

Methods: A case-control study was used to select 160 HCC patients who were admitted to People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between May 2021 and April 2024 as the case group, and 280 healthy adults matching the gender and age of the case group were collected as the normal control group. PSCA gene polymorphism was detected using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). At the same time, whether the interaction of gene and smokers affects polymorphism is also investigated.

Results: Significant associations were found at the rs2294008 and rs2976392 loci of PSCA gene (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences at the rs1045531 or rs2978974 loci (P > 0.05). All HCC patients were divided into smokers and non-smokers. The final results did not show any significant difference in genotype frequency between the two groups.

Conclusion: The PSCA rs2294008 and rs2976392 polymorphisms contribute to an increased risk of HCC and serve as two novel markers for predicting HCC risk.

Keywords: Gene polymorphism; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Novel marker; PSCA.

© 2025. The Author(s).

背景： 当前研究旨在确定前列腺干细胞抗原（PSCA）基因多态性是否增加肝细胞癌（HCC）的风险。目的是寻找预测HCC风险的新标志物，并为易患HCC的人群提供早期预警机制。

方法： 采用病例对照研究，选取2021年5月至2024年4月期间在宁夏回族自治区人民医院就诊的160名肝细胞癌患者作为病例组，并收集与病例组性别和年龄相匹配的280名健康成人作为正常对照组。使用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）检测PSCA基因多态性。同时，还研究了基因与吸烟者之间的相互作用是否影响多态性。

结果： 在PSCA基因的rs2294008和rs2976392位点发现了显著关联（P 0.05）。所有肝细胞癌患者被分为吸烟者和非吸烟者两组。最终结果显示，两组之间在基因型频率上没有显著性差异。

结论： PSCA rs2294008 和rs2976392多态性增加了肝细胞癌的风险，并作为两个新的预测HCC风险的标志物。

关键词： 基因多态性；肝细胞癌；新标记物；PSCA.