Aims: To collate information on the analgesic drugs used in native bird species by wildlife facilities in Aotearoa New Zealand and to explore the rationale for the choice of dose used.
Methods: A survey was conducted to collect information regarding analgesic type and dosing in New Zealand native birds. The survey was emailed to 26 wildlife centres in New Zealand and responses were received between April and August 2021. Respondents were invited to participate in an interview after completing the survey to elaborate on their responses.
Results: Survey responses were received from 11 facilities, and four follow-up interviews were conducted. The 11 facilities treated 42 different species of native birds. The most frequently reported analgesic used for the treatment of native birds was meloxicam, but butorphanol, buprenorphine and gabapentin were also reported to be commonly used. A variety of responses were received about the method used to determine the analgesic dose. Administration of analgesia to birds in these facilities was via IM, IV or SC injection, orally, or topically. Of the four respondents who answered the question, 75% believed there to be insufficient information widely available on the safe and effective doses for analgesia for birds.
Conclusions and clinical relevance: Meloxicam, butorphanol and tramadol were most frequently reported as commonly used analgesic drugs for avian species endemic to NZ. We highlight the need for further research on the dose requirements for analgesic drugs in New Zealand native birds to provide optimal care to this group of patients.
Keywords: Analgesia; dose; extrapolation; meloxicam; pharmacokinetics.
