Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate intergenerational differences in miniscrew placement accuracy in the palatine vault using dynamic computer-assisted surgery (d-CAS), and to assess the correlation between the number of surgeries, and both accuracy variables and procedure duration.

Materials and methods: 72 subjects were enrolled and for each two miniscrews were inserted in the paramedian region via d-CAS (144 overall). Subjects were randomly allocated into three groups according to the operator's generation: Group A (Generation X), Group B (Generation Y), and Group C (Generation Z). CBCT scans were superimposed to evaluate five variables: Entry-3D, Entry-2D, Apex-3D, Apex-Vertical, and angular deviation. Procedure duration was calculated. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey and Dunn's tests and Pearson Correlation. P-value was set at ≤ 0.05.

Results: ANOVA test demonstrated significant differences between the three groups in Entry-3D (P < 0.001), Entry-2D (P < 0.001), and Apex-3D (P = < 0.001) parameters, while Kruskal-Wallis test found a significant difference in angular deviation (P = 0.003). Post-hoc comparison revealed significant differences between groups A and C, and groups B and C. Pearson correlation indicated a negative correlation between intervention time and number of surgeries.

Conclusions: Miniscrew insertion using d-CAS is operator-dependent, and the generational cohort of the operator is a factor that influences certain accuracy parameters. There is a correlation between the progression of surgeries and a reduction in the time employed. Understanding the impact of generational differences can encourage the use of digital technologies for novices in clinical practice.

Clinical trial number: NCT06661551 (clinicaltrials.gov; 10/25/2024).

Keywords: Accuracy; Dynamic computer-guided surgery; Generations; Miniscrews, TADs; Navigation systems.

© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

目的：这项研究旨在评估使用动态计算机辅助手术（d-CAS）在腭穹窿区域放置微种植体的代际差异，并评估手术次数与精度变量和操作时间之间的相关性。

材料和方法：纳入了72名受试者，每位受试者通过d-CAS在其旁中线区域插入两个微种植体（总计144个）。根据操作者的代际将其随机分配到三个组：A组（X世代）、B组（Y世代）和C组（Z世代）。将CBCT扫描进行叠加以评估五个变量：Entry-3D、Entry-2D、Apex-3D、Apex-Vertical 和 角度偏差。计算了操作时间。统计分析包括描述性统计、Shapiro-Wilk检验、ANOVA、Kruskal-Wallis检验以及Tukey和Dunn的后验检验，并进行了Pearson相关分析。P值设定为≤0.05。

结果：ANOVA测试显示，三组在Entry-3D（P

结论：使用d-CAS插入微种植体的操作依赖于操作者，而操作者的代际群体是影响某些精度参数的因素之一。手术进程与所花费的时间减少之间存在相关性。理解代际差异的影响可以鼓励在临床实践中新手更多地应用数字技术。

临床试验编号： NCT06661551 (clinicaltrials.gov; 2024年10月25日)。

关键词： 精度；动态计算机导航手术；代际差异；微种植体、TADs；导航系统。

© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.