Justification: With increasing neonatal survival, there is a need for trained staff for timely identification and intervention for high-risk infants. Since the foundation of neurodevelopment is laid in the first three years of life, addressing the lacunae of a robust guidelines for extended follow-up of high-risk infants needs to be formulated to avoid remediation or rehabilitation later on.

Objectives: To develop comprehensive evidence-based consensus guidelines for developmentally supportive care and follow-up of high-risk infants in the Indian context with the aim of reducing the need for future rehabilitative services.

Process: Scientific literature over the last 10 years was searched using database-specific controlled vocabularies like Emtree for Embase, MeSH terms for PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL headings for CINAHL databases, and the Cochrane Library. The available studies were analyzed based on their scientific credibility and strength of evidence. Data from meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials was extracted, and relevant statements were prepared. These were deliberated in two onsite Delphi rounds of discussion (February 19, 2023 and January 11, 2025) and one hybrid (online and onsite) Delphi round (February 6, 2025). The final draft was made under different headings and was circulated, followed by recommendations made with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. The final draft after incorporating all suggestions was circulated and accepted online on March 2, 2025.

Statement: The recommendations propose using a color-coded system to monitor high-risk infants, risk stratification, promoting early stimulation, structured interventions, and parental involvement. Routine care should align with the infant's behavioral state and use validated screening tools and growth charts. Comprehensive follow-ups, including screening for retinopathy of prematurity, thyroid disorders, developmental dysplasia of hip, and hearing impairments, are essential, with specialized therapies provided as needed. Structured follow-up guidelines are likely to improve the selection of high-risk infants, plan follow-up, and guide pediatricians on screening, evaluation, early stimulation, intervention, and plan-specific definitive therapies with rehabilitation therapists which would ultimately decrease the childhood disability.

Keywords: Developmental delay; Early intervention; Genetic disorders; Neurodevelopment; Rehabilitation.

© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Academy of Pediatrics.

理由： 随着新生儿生存率的提高，需要有训练有素的人员及时识别和干预高风险婴儿。由于神经发育的基础在生命的前三年建立起来，因此有必要制定一套强有力的扩展随访指南，以避免日后进行补救或康复。

目标： 为了减少未来康复服务的需求，在印度背景下开发全面的基于证据的一致性指南，为高风险婴儿提供发展支持护理和随访。

过程： 使用特定数据库的专业控制词汇（如Embase中的Emtree、PubMed中的MeSH术语、Scopus、CINAHL数据库中的CINAHL标题以及Cochrane Library）在过去十年中搜索科学文献。根据研究的科学可信度和证据强度分析现有研究。从荟萃分析、系统综述和随机对照试验中提取数据，并准备相关陈述。这些陈述在两次现场Delphi讨论轮次（2023年2月19日和2025年1月11日）和一次混合形式的在线与现场Delphi讨论轮次（2025年2月6日）中进行审议。最终草案按不同标题制作并分发，在此基础上通过Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) 分析提出建议，并于2025年3月2日在网络上接受所有意见后的最终版本。

声明： 这些建议提出了使用颜色编码系统来监测高风险婴儿、风险分层、促进早期刺激、结构化干预和父母参与。常规护理应根据婴儿的行为状态进行调整，并采用经过验证的筛查工具和生长图表。全面随访，包括对早产儿视网膜病变、甲状腺疾病、发育性髋关节发育不良和听力损伤的筛查是必要的，在需要时提供专门治疗。结构性的随访指南可能会改善高风险婴儿的选择，规划随访，并为儿科医生在筛查、评估、早期刺激、干预以及与康复治疗师一起制定特定计划的具体治疗方法方面提供指导，这最终将减少儿童残疾。

关键词： 发育迟缓；早期介入；遗传疾病；神经发展；康复。