BackgroundThe purpose of this research is to examine whether or not there is a connection between polymorphisms in the IL-5 and IL-9 genes and the prevalence of allergic asthma in Iraqi patients.ObjectiveTo investigate the variants in the genes rs2069812T/C (IL-5) and rs1859430 C/T (IL-9) and their association with the likelihood of developing allergic asthma.MethodsTwo hundred forty, one hundred twenty without asthma and one hundred twentywith the condition, made up the healthy subjects. We determined the levels of IL-5 and IL-9 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after separating sera from peripheral blood. Additionally, the allele-specific PCR method was used to identify the polymorphism distribution of rs2069812 (IL-5) and rs1859430 (IL-9).ResultsStudy participants with allergic asthma had significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-9 and interleukin (IL)-5 than those in the healthy subjects: 2 and 2.39 ± 0.18 pg/ml, compared to 1.004 ± 0.04 pg/ml and 2.21 ± 0.16 pg/ml, respectively, with a significance level of P < 0.05. In terms of age, gender, and place of residence, there was no statistically significant difference between the ill group and the healthy control group. The patients' group had 66 cases of the heterozygous genotype TG compared to 58 cases in the control group. Thus, the TG genotype was associated with an increased risk of allergic asthma illness (etiologic fraction: 0.2963) and an odds ratio of 2.4074 (95% CI: 1.2462-4.6505). The patients' group also had a higher frequency of the homozygous genotype GG (65 cases vs. 54 cases in the control group). The odds ratio for allergic asthma illness was 1.0578 (95% CI: 0.6386-1.7522), and the etiologic fraction was 0.0299, indicating that genotype GG was a risk factor.ConclusionsThese findings provide more evidence that interleukin-5 and interleukin-9 play critical roles in allergic asthma, particularly in eosinophilic inflammation. Consequently, it is important to target them in order to reduce asthma allergy and improve asthma treatment. It is clear that IL-5 and IL-9 levels directly influence allergic asthma in patients compared with healthy individuals.

Keywords: IL-5; IL-9; allergic asthma; polymorphism; sensitivity.

背景：本研究的目的是探讨IL-5和IL-9基因多态性与伊拉克患者过敏性哮喘患病率之间是否存在联系。
目的：调查rs2069812T/C（IL-5）和rs1859430 C/T（IL-9）基因变异及其与发生过敏性哮喘可能性的相关性。
方法：研究对象包括240名参与者，其中120名为无哮喘的健康对照组，120名为患有该疾病的患者。通过从外周血中分离血清来测定IL-5和IL-9水平，并使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行检测。此外，采用等位基因特异性PCR方法来识别rs2069812（IL-5）和rs1859430（IL-9）多态性的分布情况。
结果：患有过敏性哮喘的研究参与者比健康对照组的参与者具有显著更高的IL-9和IL-5水平，分别为2.39 ± 0.18 pg/ml 和2.21 ± 0.16 pg/ml ，而对照组的相应值为1.004 ± 0.04 pg/ml和2.21 ± 0.16 pg/ml（P 结论：这些发现进一步证明了IL-5和IL-9在过敏性哮喘中特别是在嗜酸性粒细胞炎症中的关键作用。因此，针对它们进行治疗以减少哮喘过敏并改善哮喘管理是非常重要的。显然，在与健康个体相比，患者的IL-5和IL-9水平直接对过敏性哮喘产生影响。

关键词：IL-5；IL-9；过敏性哮喘；多态性；敏感性。