Purpose: To investigate the effect of surface treatment and fabrication techniques of high-performance polymers on their shear bond strength (SBS) to grade IV titanium.

Materials and methods: A total of 120 pre-milled titanium abutments were sectioned. Cylindrical polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) specimens (3 × 2 mm) were fused-filament fabricated (FFF) 3D-printed, and similar-sized polyetheretherketone (PEEK) specimens were either FFF 3D-printed or cut from injection-molded (INJ) rods (n = 40). The specimens were divided into 4 groups according to surface treatments (n = 10): non-thermal air plasma (Ntp), 98% sulfuric acid (SA), sandblasted by 110 µm silicate-coated alumina particles (Roc), and sandblasted by 30 µm silicate-coated alumina particles (Coj). Surface-treated polymer specimens were cemented onto bonding agent-applied titanium specimens. After 24 h of water storage at 37°C, SBS tests were performed; data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison tests (α = 0.05). The failure mode was classified using an optical microscope.

Results: The high-performance polymer surface was affected by both the fabrication method and the surface treatment. While the SA (18.86 ±1.46 MPa) and Coj (15.83 ±1.26 MPa) surface treatments demonstrated the highest SBS values for the INJ-PEEK polymer, the Roc (14.86-15.76 MPa) and Coj (11.78-15.92 MPa) treatments for FFF 3D-printed polymers (p < 0.05). The failure type was mostly adhesive, but the INJ-PEEK failures were mixed; no cohesive failures were observed. A very weak but significant correlation between SBS and failure type was detected.

Conclusion: The optimal surface treatment technique for a high SBS between high-performance polymers and grade IV titanium depends on the polymer fabrication technique. High bond strength was achieved when SA was used on INJ-PEEK and when silicate-coated alumina particle air abrading was applied on printed PEEK and PEKK.

Keywords: PEEK; PEKK; shear bond strength; surface treatment; titanium.

© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Prosthodontics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Prosthodontists.

目的：研究高性能聚合物表面处理和制造技术对其与四级钛的剪切粘结强度（SBS）的影响。

材料和方法：总共有120个预铣钛基台被切割。圆柱形聚醚酮酮(PEKK)试样（3 × 2 mm）通过熔融沉积建模（FFF）3D打印制成，相似尺寸的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)试样则要么通过FFF 3D打印制得，要么从注塑(INJ)杆上切取(n = 40)。根据表面处理方法将试样分为4组(n = 10)：非热等离子体(Ntp)，98%硫酸(SA)，用硅酸盐涂层氧化铝颗粒(110 µm)(Roc)喷砂处理，以及用30 µm硅酸盐涂层氧化铝颗粒(Coj)喷砂处理。表面处理过的聚合物试样被粘接到涂有粘合剂的钛基台上。在37°C下水存储24小时后进行SBS测试；数据使用Kruskal-Wallis和Dunn多重比较检验(α = 0.05)分析。采用光学显微镜对失效模式进行分类。

结果：高性能聚合物表面受到制造方法和表面处理的共同影响。虽然对于INJ-PEEK聚合物，SA (18.86 ±1.46 MPa) 和Coj (15.83 ±1.26 MPa) 表面处理显示出最高的SBS值，但是对于FFF 3D打印的聚合物，Roc (14.86-15.76 MPa) 和Coj (11.78-15.92 MPa) 处理显示出较高的SBS值(p

结论：为了实现高性能聚合物与四级钛之间的高SBS，最佳表面处理技术取决于聚合物的制造方法。在INJ-PEEK上使用硫酸以及对打印出的PEEK和PEKK进行硅酸盐涂层氧化铝颗粒喷砂处理可以达到较高的粘结强度。

关键词：PEEK；PEKK；剪切粘结强度；表面处理；钛。

© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Prosthodontics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Prosthodontists.