Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is associated with reduced sleep quality and anxiety, and can cause a decrease in quality of life in these patients. Despite previous studies investigating these factors, few studies have examined their co-occurrence in these patients. To address this research gap, the present study aimed to determine the subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes based on quality of life, sleep quality, and anxiety in the subgroups of using latent class analysis (LCA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage random sampling. A total of 308 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from health centers in Ardabil. All participants completed four sets of checklists and questionnaires, (Demographic characteristics, 12-item Short Form survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item). Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), chi square and latent class analysis.

Results: Three latent classes were identified: The first class (good status) included 56.4% of the participants. Also, the second (moderate status) and third (poor status) classes described 16.5% and 27.1% of the participants, respectively. In latent class 1, the probability of having good quality of life and good sleep quality was higher. In latent class 2, the probability of having moderate quality of life and poor sleep quality was higher. However, these patients revealed no anxiety. Those with third latent class membership were more likely to have moderate quality of life, poor sleep quality, and severe anxiety.

Conclusion: This study showed that sleep quality and anxiety is positively related to quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, this study indicated the co-occurrence of sleep quality and anxiety in these patients. Based on these findings, effective and targeted interventions can be designed to improve the health status and quality of life of these patients, taking into account sleep quality and anxiety.

Keywords: Anxiety; Diabetes; Latent class analysis; Quality of life; Sleep quality.

© 2025. The Author(s).

简介： 2型糖尿病（T2D）是一种慢性代谢性疾病，与睡眠质量下降和焦虑有关，并可能导致这些患者的生活质量降低。尽管之前的研究已经调查了这些因素，但很少有研究考察它们在患者中的共现情况。为了解决这一研究空白，本研究旨在通过潜在类别分析（LCA）确定基于生活质量、睡眠质量和焦虑的2型糖尿病患者的亚组。

方法： 本横断面研究采用多阶段随机抽样进行。共从阿塞拉巴德卫生中心随机选取了308名2型糖尿病患者参与调查。所有参与者完成了四份清单和问卷（人口统计特征、12项简明健康状况量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数及广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表）。数据分析使用方差分析（ANOVA）、卡方检验以及潜在类别分析。

结果： 识别出三个潜在类别：第一类（良好状态）占56.4%的参与者。第二类（中等状态）和第三类（较差状态）分别描述了16.5%和27.1%的参与者。在第一个潜在类别中，生活质量好和睡眠质量好的概率较高；第二个潜在类别中的参与者则具有中等的生活质量和差的睡眠质量，但没有焦虑表现；而第三个潜在类别中的参与者更可能有中等的生活质量、较差的睡眠质量和严重的焦虑。

结论： 本研究表明，在2型糖尿病患者中，睡眠质量和焦虑与生活质量呈正相关。此外，该研究还指出了这些患者的睡眠质量和焦虑共现情况。基于这一发现，可以设计有效的针对性干预措施以改善这些患者的整体健康状况和生活质量，并考虑其睡眠质量及焦虑。

关键词： 焦虑；糖尿病；潜在类别分析；生活质量；睡眠质量。