The aim of this article is to analyse how the current design and governance of French industrial policy is impeding technical and economic change. Industrial policy needs to address the "grand challenges" such as climate change by driving radically new economic and technical development. After analysing recent trends and the various stakeholders and levels involved in industrial policymaking in France, we show how the complexity; the conflicts between targets, instruments and stakeholders and the capture of industrial policymaking lead to inertia rather than change. The participation of incumbents at every stage of the policymaking reinforces short-term business strategies rather than creating a radical new path. We consider that a multi-level industrial democracy could enable the conditions of change to ensure sustainable industrial development. This requires reviewing the roles of each stakeholder, the way that funds are allocated, and how the implementation of these public policies is monitored.

Keywords: Capture; France; Industrial policy; Industry; Political economy.

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本文的目的是分析当前法国产业政策的设计和治理如何阻碍技术和经济变革。产业政策需要应对如气候变化等“重大挑战”，通过推动全新的经济发展和技术革新来解决这些问题。在分析了最近的趋势以及参与法国产业政策制定的各种利益相关者和层级之后，我们展示了复杂性、目标与工具之间的冲突、以及不同利益相关者的捕获效应如何导致停滞不前而不是变革。业内的既得利益者在政策制定的每个阶段的积极参与强化了短期商业战略，而非创建一条全新的发展道路。我们认为一个多级产业民主体系能够为确保可持续产业发展创造变化条件。这需要重新审视每一个利益相关者的角色、资金分配的方式以及这些公共政策实施的监控方法。

关键词：捕获；法国；产业政策；工业；政治经济学。

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