Atypical hyperplasia (AH) of the breast is a benign proliferative breast disorder that is associated with increased risk of a concurrent, associated breast cancer and an increased future risk of breast cancer. It is often found on screening mammography and in approximately 10% of core needle biopsy specimens. For women with AH, management could include excisional biopsy, enhanced breast cancer surveillance, and risk-reducing medications. More in-depth characterization of AH has recently helped identify a lower risk cohort of women who may be able to avoid surgical intervention at the time of their AH diagnosis. This review updates existing literature on the risk of AH, considerations for surgical excision, management strategies, and mitigation of future risk of breast cancer.

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乳腺非典型增生（AH）是一种良性乳腺增生性疾病，与并发的、相关的乳腺癌风险增加以及未来患乳腺癌的风险增加有关。它通常在筛查乳房X线摄影中发现，并且大约有10%的核心针活检标本可以找到这种病变。对于患有AH的女性来说，管理方式可能包括切除性活检、增强型乳腺癌监测和降低癌症风险的药物治疗。最近对AH进行更详细的特征化有助于识别一个低风险群体，在这些患者被诊断为AH时可能能够避免手术干预。这篇综述更新了现有文献中关于AH的风险、外科切除考虑因素、管理策略以及未来患乳腺癌风险缓解方面的内容。

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