Background: Social and economic factors play significant roles in the incidence of uterine cancer. This study examined how age, time period and birth cohort affect incidence patterns across various regions.

Methods: Data on the incidence of uterine cancer from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. An age-period-cohort (APC) model was applied to evaluate the effects and geographical variations.

Results: In 2021, there were 473,614 [95 % uncertainty interval (UI) 429,916-513,667] cases of uterine cancer globally, resulting in an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 10.4/100,000 (95 % UI 9.4-11.2). ASIR was highest in High-income North America and Europe (high-income regions), and lowest in South Asia and most African regions. The incidence of uterine cancer has surged disproportionately over time, especially in high-income regions and areas with rapid socio-economic changes. High-income Asia Pacific saw the fastest growth, with an annual net drift of 2.43 % (95 % confidence interval 2.29-2.57). Age is a critical determinant of the incidence of uterine cancer, with notable regional variation. Globally, the peak incidence of uterine cancer occurs at 70-74 years of age, or older, in most regions. However, earlier peaks in incidence are observed in East Asia and Asia Pacific (both 55-59 years), as well as Central Asia (60-64 years).

Conclusion: The incidence of uterine cancer is increasing globally, with marked geographical disparities in age distribution, temporal trends and cohort effects. While Europe and North America have the highest incidence rates globally, Asia faces a triple challenge: rising incidence, disproportionate caseloads, and younger age at diagnosis. Addressing geographical disparities is crucial in tackling the surge in cases of uterine cancer.

Keywords: Age pattern; Age-period-cohort model; Geographical disparities; Global burden of disease; Uterine cancer.

Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

背景： 社会和经济因素在子宫癌的发病率中起着重要作用。本研究考察了年龄、时间周期和出生世代如何影响不同地区的发病模式。

方法： 从2021年全球疾病负担研究（Global Burden of Disease Study 2021）获取了1990年至2021年间子宫癌发病率的数据，并应用年龄-时期-世代（APC）模型来评估其影响和地理差异。

结果： 2021年，全球共有473,614 [95%不确定性区间（UI）为429,916-513,667]例子宫癌病例，导致年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）达到每10万人中有10.4人 (95% UI 9.4-11.2)。在高收入的北美和欧洲地区（即高收入区域），ASIR最高；而在南亚及大多数非洲地区则最低。子宫癌的发病率随时间迅速上升，特别是在高收入地区和社会经济快速变化的地区尤为明显。亚太高收入地区的增长率最快，每年净增长率为2.43% (95%置信区间 2.29-2.57)。年龄是决定子宫癌发病的重要因素，并且在不同区域存在显著差异。在全球范围内，子宫癌的发病率高峰出现在70至74岁或更老的年龄段，在大多数地区亦如此。然而，东亚和亚太地区的发病率高峰则较早（分别为55至59岁），中亚地区为60至64岁。

结论： 子宫癌的发病率在全球范围内正在上升，并且在年龄分布、时间趋势及世代效应方面存在显著的地理差异。虽然欧洲和北美拥有全球最高的发病率，亚洲则面临着三重挑战：不断增长的发病率、不成比例的病例数量以及更年轻的诊断年龄段。应对这些地理位置上的不均衡对于遏制子宫癌病例的增长至关重要。

关键词： 年龄模式；年龄-时期-世代模型；地理差异；全球疾病负担；子宫癌。