Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy that poses a significant concern to those affected due to its aggressive nature and profound impact on patients' quality of life. This review examines the evidence on the impact of penile cancer and its various treatments on the sexual health of patients. Men's post-surgical sexual functioning has mainly been assessed with the International Index of Erectile Functioning. Some studies asked men to report retrospectively on pre-surgical sexual functioning or compared surgical techniques with non-randomized samples. Studies on patient's perspectives on sexual sensations and appearance are emerging, however reliable assessments of sexual wellbeing are missing. Penile cancer significantly impacts patients' sexual activity, sexual function, sexual sensations, cosmesis and sexual wellbeing. Considerable proportions of patients resume sexual activity following treatments, including organ-sparing procedures, partial or total penectomy, and adjuvant therapies. While organ-sparing surgeries can largely preserve sexual functioning, more invasive treatments like partial or total penectomy result in greater declines, with the impact on sexual wellbeing remaining underexplored. Rigorous prospective studies assessing valid and reliable patient reported outcome measures for sexual wellbeing besides sexual functioning are needed in order to fully understand and address the impact of penile cancer treatment on sexual health.

© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

阴茎鳞状细胞癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，由于其侵略性和对患者生活质量的巨大影响而备受关注。这篇综述考察了阴茎癌及其各种治疗方法对患者性健康的影响的证据。男性术后性功能主要通过国际勃起功能指数进行评估。一些研究要求男性回顾性地报告术前性功能或使用非随机样本比较手术技术。关于患者对性感觉和外观的看法的研究正在出现，然而可靠的性福祉评估仍然缺乏。阴茎癌显著影响患者的性活动、性功能、性感觉、美观以及性福祉。相当比例的患者在接受包括保器官手术、部分或全部阴茎切除术及辅助治疗在内的治疗方法后恢复了性活动。虽然保器官手术可以很大程度上保留性功能，但更侵入性的治疗方法如部分或全部阴茎切除会导致更大的下降，而对性福祉的影响仍然有待深入探索。为了全面理解和解决阴茎癌治疗对性健康的影响，需要进行严格的前瞻性研究，评估有效且可靠的患者报告结局措施以涵盖性福祉和性功能方面。