This article explores the emergence of nuclear medicine as a clinical research field in post-war Europe, focusing on the shaping of its disciplinary boundaries in the context of geopolitical divisions. It examines how this speciality was negotiated and established, highlighting the role of international exchanges involving researchers, radioisotopes and technologies. By bringing together physicists, radiologists and internists, nuclear medicine gained momentum in the 1950s, leading to the formation of first dedicated scientific societies, conferences and journals. Physicians working in Austria played an influential role in this identity-building process on the European level. They benefited from the networks of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, the country's political neutrality and their early emphasis on thyroid diseases. We argue that nuclear medicine emerged out of scientific-diplomatic practices that unified this diverse field of research while also setting it apart from more established clinical specialities. We will trace how physicians and medical facilities in Austria came into play as partners on both sides of the Iron Curtain and navigated these intertwined diplomatic and disciplinary dynamics, facilitating intra-European cooperation on epistemic, political and social levels.

本文探讨了战后欧洲核医学作为临床研究领域兴起的过程，重点关注在地缘政治分裂背景下其学科边界的形成。文章考察了这一专科如何通过国际交流得到协商和建立，这些交流包括研究人员、放射性同位素和技术的交换。通过将物理学家、放射科医生和内科医生聚集在一起，核医学在20世纪50年代取得了发展势头，导致了首个专门科学学会、会议和期刊的形成。奥地利工作的医师在这个欧洲层面上的身份构建过程中发挥了重要作用。他们受益于维也纳国际原子能机构的网络、该国的政治中立以及其对甲状腺疾病早期重视的优势。我们主张核医学是从一系列科学研究外交实践中产生的，在统一这一多学科研究领域的同时，也将其与其他更为成熟的临床专科区分开来。我们将追溯奥地利医生和医疗机构如何成为铁幕两边合作伙伴的过程，并揭示他们在这些相互交织的外交与学科动态中是如何运作的，从而在知识、政治和社会层面上促进欧洲内部的合作。