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Environmental microbiology. 2025 Apr;27(4):e70088. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.70088 Q24.32024

The Honeybee Associate Galleria mellonella Can Acquire Arsenophonus apicola Through Oral and Parenteral Infection Routes

蜡螟蜂可以通过口服和体腔注射的方式感染蜂巢球菌 翻译改进

Trefor Simmons  1, Pol Nadal-Jimenez  1, Gregory D D Hurst  1

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  • 1 Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.70088 PMID: 40223198

    摘要 中英对照阅读

    Members of the genus Arsenophonus are classically considered to be vertically transmitted endosymbiotic associates of invertebrates. Acquisition of Arsenophonus apicola by Apis mellifera honeybees through social and environmental pathways raises the possibility that this species can infect a broader range of host species. In this study, we tested whether a natural inhabitant of bee hives, the wax moth Galleria mellonella, was a suitable host for A. apicola. We first demonstrated A. apicola colonised G. mellonella larvae following injection at doses as low as 104 CFU. A similar capacity of A. apicola to infect G. mellonella orally was evidenced, impacting waxworm development and mortality. Microscopy indicated that A. apicola crossed from gut to hemocoel in the G. mellonella crop, inducing melanisation. PCR screening of Galleria individuals in an apiary sample confirmed exposure of Galleria in the hive context. We conclude that A. apicola is capable of infecting and damaging hive associates. These findings raise two onward avenues of research: first, to investigate whether A. apicola's presence could protect hives against Galleria infestations, and second, to utilise model insect G. mellonella for immunity research to uncover the interplay between A. apicola and insect host defences whilst elucidating virulence factors utilised by A. apicola during infection.

    Keywords: apiculture; infection; social insects; waxworm.

    Keywords:arsenophonus apicola; infection routes

    传统上认为属Arsenophonus的成员是通过垂直传播与无脊椎动物共生的。Apis mellifera(西方蜜蜂)通过社会和环境途径获得Arsenophonus apicola,这表明该物种可能能够感染更广泛的宿主种类。在本研究中,我们测试了蜂巢中的天然居民——大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)是否可以成为A. apicola的适宜宿主。首先,我们证明了即使注射剂量低至104 CFU,A. apicola也可以定殖在大蜡螟幼虫中。类似地,通过口感染大蜡螟的能力也被证实,影响了蜡虫的发展和死亡率。显微镜检查表明,A. apicola从肠道穿过到血淋巴腔,在大蜡螟的嗉囊内诱导黑色素化。对养蜂场样本中的Galleria个体进行PCR筛选确认了在蜂巢环境中存在暴露的大蜡螟。我们得出结论,A. apicola能够感染并损害蜂巢关联生物。这些发现提出了两个后续研究方向:首先,调查A. apicola的存在是否可以保护蜂巢免受大蜡螟的侵扰;其次,利用模式昆虫Galleria mellonella进行免疫学研究,以揭示A. apicola与昆虫宿主防御之间的相互作用,并阐明在感染过程中由A. apicola使用的毒力因子。

    关键词:养蜂业;感染;社会性昆虫;蜡虫。

    关键词:蜜蜂; 葛氏亮热菌; 感染途径

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    期刊名:Environmental microbiology

    缩写:ENVIRON MICROBIOL

    ISSN:1462-2912

    e-ISSN:1462-2920

    IF/分区:4.3/Q2

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