Traditional taxonomic revisions based on macromorphological and leaf anatomical traits may have limitations in accurately distinguishing certain species within the genus. To improve taxonomic clarity, this study applied DNA barcoding to enhance the understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Baccaurea Lour., a plant genus widely utilized for food, medicine, and building materials. DNA barcode regions, including rbcL, ITS2, and trnH-psbA, were used to analyze 64 samples representing 19 Baccaurea species. Using similarity Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and phylogenetic tree inference, we determined the discriminatory efficiencies of rbcL, ITS2, trnH-psbA, and their combinations rbcL + ITS2 and rbcL + ITS2 + trnH-psbA as 21.1%, 89.5%, 87.5%, 89.5%, and 89.5%, respectively. The Neighbor-Joining tree revealed well-defined, monophyletic species clusters that largely align with phylogenetic positions based on macromorphological features. Notably, our results indicate that Baccaurea parviflora and the synonymized Baccaurea scortechinii are distinct species, recommending the re-establishment of B. scortechinii as a separate species. DNA barcoding is useful in delineating species boundaries, facilitating routine specimen identification, and flagging atypical samples for detailed examination.

Keywords: ITS2; chloroplast DNA; phylogenetic; rbcL; species identification; trnH-psbA.

基于宏观形态和叶片解剖特征的传统分类修订可能在准确区分某些物种方面存在局限性。为了提高分类的清晰度，本研究应用了DNA条形码技术来增强对植物属Baccaurea Lour. 的分类学和系统发育的理解。Baccaurea 属广泛用于食品、医药和建筑材料。使用包括L、ITS2 和H-A在内的DNA条形码区域分析了64个样本，代表19种Baccaurea物种。通过相似性基本局部比对搜索工具（Basic Local Alignment Search Tool）和系统发育树推断，我们确定了L、ITS2、H-A及其组合L + ITS2 和L + ITS2 + H-A 的区分效率分别为21.1%、89.5%、87.5%、89.5%和89.5%。邻接树揭示了明确的单系物种聚类，这些聚类主要与基于宏观形态特征的系统发育位置一致。值得注意的是，我们的结果表明Baccaurea parviflora 和同义化为Baccaurea scortechinii 的是不同的物种，建议重新建立B. scortechinii 作为独立的物种。DNA条形码技术在划定物种界限、促进常规标本鉴定以及标记需要详细检查的异常样本方面很有用。

关键词：ITS2；叶绿体DNA；系统发育；rbcL；物种识别；trnH-psbA.