Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate autism by regulating microglial glucose metabolism reprogramming and neuroinflammation through PD-1/PD-L1 interaction
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Neuroinflammation triggered by microglia activation is hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and this process includes crucial metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, which may cause neuron loss and functional impairment. Th... ...
