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Totally Endoscopic Internal Thoracic Artery Harvesting with Efficient Setup Modifications for Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

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Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting for the left anterior descending artery is a well-established technique; however, harvesting the internal thoracic artery is challenging, particularly with endoscopic approaches. In this study, 12 patie... ...