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Enzymatically responsive nanocarriers targeting PD-1 and TGF-β pathways reverse immunotherapeutic resistance and elicit robust therapeutic efficacy

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized lung cancer treatment, yet resistance remains a challenge. Co-inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 and TGF-β shows promise but faces limited efficacy and systemic toxicity. We developed gelatinase-responsive nanopar... ...