Background: Virus infection and herbivory can alter the expression of stress-responsive genes in plants. This study employed high-throughput transcriptomic and alternative splicing analysis to understand the separate and combined impacts on host gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana by Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV).

Results: By investigating changes in transcript abundance, the data shows that aphids feeding on virus infected plants intensify the number of differentially expressed stress responsive genes compared to challenge by individual stressors. This study presents evidence that the combination of virus-vector-host interactions induces significant changes in hormone and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, as well as downstream factors involved in feedback loops within hormone signaling pathways. This study also shows that gene expressions are regulated through alternative pre-mRNA splicing and the use of alternative transcription start and termination sites.

Conclusions: These combined data suggest that complex genetic changes occur as plants adapt to the combined challenges posed by aphids and the viruses they vector. This study also provides more advanced analyses that could be used in the future to dissect the genetic mechanisms mediating tripartite interactions and inform future breeding programs.

Keywords: Aphids; Hormone signaling; Potyvirus; Transcriptomics.

© 2025. The Author(s).