Multiple Attempts of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion in a Preterm Infant Provoke Toxic Stress: A Case Report
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Premature infants admitted to the NICU often require intravenous (IV) therapy. Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion is a common painful/stressful/invasive procedure. Repeated exposure to stressors produces toxic stress: a prolonged, frequent activa... ...
