This systematic review aims to determine whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) influences the immunohistochemical expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression varies in OPSCC, and the presence of HPV is a plausible explanation for this variability. Comprehending these findings is crucial, as high PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of OPSCC can help identify patient subgroups that could be suitable for immunotherapy. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023437800). An electronic literature search was performed without time or language restrictions. The search included PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, https://clinictrials.gov, and relevant journals. A meta-analysis was performed using RStudio. Fourteen studies involving 1,629 participants were included. The sample consisted predominantly of males (81.26%) with a mean age of 58.3 years. Concerning clinical and pathological characteristics, the most frequently described anatomical location was the tonsils (68.54%), and most participants were either current or former smokers (78%) and alcohol users (79%). Advanced TNM IV was the most common stage. Regarding histopathological characteristics, HPV 16 was the only type mentioned, and half of the cases were detected through immunohistochemistry. The SP142 clone (35.7%) and the pattern of membrane immunostaining in tumor cells (71%) were the most commonly employed methods. The most prevalent findings were positive expression of PD-L1 (64.28%) and negative HPV status (57.14%). The association between PD-L1 positivity and HPV positivity (78.57%) was confirmed by meta-analysis. The conclusion was that HPV-positive status has an impact on immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in OPSCC.

本系统综述旨在确定人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的存在是否会影响口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）中程序性死亡配体-1（PD-L1）的免疫组化表达。在OPSCC中，PD-L1的免疫组化表达存在差异，并且HPV的存在可能是导致这种变异性的可能解释。理解这些发现至关重要，因为在OPSCC肿瘤微环境中的高PD-L1表达可以帮助识别适合免疫治疗的患者亚群。因此，遵循PRISMA指南（CRD42023437800）进行了一项系统综述。进行了不受时间或语言限制的电子文献搜索。搜索包括了PubMed/MEDLINE、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、https://clinictrials.gov 和相关期刊。使用RStudio 进行了元分析，共有14项研究涉及1,629名参与者被纳入。样本中男性占大多数（81.26%），平均年龄为58.3岁。在临床和病理特征方面，最常见的解剖位置是扁桃体（68.54%），大多数参与者要么是当前吸烟者或曾经吸烟者（78%）和饮酒者（79%）。TNM IV是最常见的分期。关于组织病理学特征，HPV 16 是唯一提到的类型，并且一半的情况通过免疫组化检测到。最常用的SP142 克隆（35.7%）以及肿瘤细胞中膜免疫染色模式（71%）的方法。最常见的发现是PD-L1 的阳性表达（64.28%）和阴性HPV 状态（57.14%）。元分析证实了PD-L1 阳性和HPV 阳性的关联（78.57%）。结论是，HPV 阳性状态对OPSCC 中PD-L1 的免疫组化表达有影响。