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High-temperature liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry methodology for carbon isotope ratio determination of anabolic steroids in urine

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Background: Gas Chromatography Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) has long been used in routine laboratories to determine the δ13C values of anabolic steroids in urine, differentiating between, e.g., endogenous and synt... ...