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Effect of valproic acid on the formation and migration of cranial neural crest cells at the early developmental stages in rat embryos

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Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are critical for craniofacial development. The administration of valproic acid (VPA) to pregnant females causes craniofacial malformations in offspring. However, the in vivo influence of VPA on mammalian cranial NCCs remains u... ...