Rapid visualization of PD-L1 expression level in glioblastoma immune microenvironment via machine learning cascade-based Raman histopathology
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Introduction: Combination immunotherapy holds promise for improving survival in responsive glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in immune microenvironment (IME) is the most important predictiv... ...