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Brachial plexus block using only 1% lidocaine to reduce pain during the endovascular treatment of dysfunctional arteriovenous access

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Background: Interventional endovascular treatments of dysfunctional arteriovenous (AV) access for hemodialysis can cause pain and discomfort to the patients. Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block (BPB) is an alternative regiona... ...