PDE4D mediates impaired β-adrenergic receptor signalling in the sinoatrial node in mice with hypertensive heart disease
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Aims: The sympathetic nervous system increases HR by activating β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and increasing cAMP in sinoatrial node (SAN) myocytes while phosphodiesterases (PDEs) degrade cAMP. Chronotropic incompetence, the i... ...
