Nonabsorbable surgical material left in an surgical wound may cause early postoperative infections and specific types of granulomas; thus, it represents a dangerous complication in neurosurgery. The authors have analyzed their experience and present four cases of cottonoid retention after intracranial tumor resection. During 5-year period (from 2013 until 2017), the incidence of such an undesirable event after craniotomy for various indications was 0.07%. It was not related to the professional experience of the operating neurosurgeon, but cases of deep-seated lesions, the presence of brain edema or excessive bleeding of neoplastic or peritumoral tissue, prolonged surgeries, use of cottonoids without marking thread, and inadequate counting of disposable surgical materials at the end of the procedure may increase the risk of this complication. In all of the presented cases, the retained cottonoids were clearly seen on postoperative computed tomography because of the presence of radiopaque identifiers. All of the patients underwent an urgent reoperation for removal of the foreign body within 24 h after completion of the primary surgery, and they subsequently experienced an uneventful postoperative course without any complications. Well-coordinated work of the surgical team-in particular, appropriate communication between the surgeon and the circulating nurse during counting of surgical materials at the end of the procedure-is absolutely necessary for prevention of cottonoid retention after brain surgery.

Keywords: Complication; Cottonoids; Craniotomy; Neurosurgery; Preventive measures; Retained cottonoid; Retained foreign body; Risk factors.

© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.