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Opioid-Free Segmental Thoracic Spinal Anesthesia with Intrathecal Sedation for Breast and Axillary Surgery: Report of Four Cases

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Purpose: Few studies have described segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia (STSA) as primary anesthesiologic method in breast and axillary surgery, documenting the association of intrathecal local anesthetics and opioids. This case... ...