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Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia. 2022 May 9:84:e260615. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.260615 0.02024

Environmental sustainability assessment of softwood and hardwood seedlings production in forest nurseries: A case study from Pakistan

以巴基斯坦为例的森林苗圃软木和硬木幼苗生产的环境可持续性评估 翻译改进

A Yousaf  1, M Hussain  1, S Ahmad  2, A Riaz  3, S Shaukat  4, S W A Shah  4, R S Mishr  5, S Akram  6, M Majeed  7, A Tabassum  8, M Amin  9, F Jabeen  3

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作者单位

  • 1 University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, KP, Pakistan.
  • 2 Bharia University Medical and Dental College, Department of Biochemistry, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • 3 Jinnah University for Women Karachi, Department of Biochemistry, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • 4 University of Tuscia, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agri-food and Forestry Systems - DIBAF, Viterbo, Italy.
  • 5 University of Padova, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Legnaro, Italy.
  • 6 University of Northern British Columbia, Faculty of Environment, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Prince George, Canada.
  • 7 Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Dresden, Germany.
  • 8 MM Private Limited Tarbela KP, Haripur, Pakistan.
  • 9 Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sheringal, Dir (U), KP, Pakistan.
  • DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260615 PMID: 35544796

    摘要 Ai翻译

    This article describes the environmental impacts of producing a single seedling in forest nurseries of selected districts (i.e., Haripur, Abbottabad, and Mansehra) of Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. This study was based on the cradle-to-gate approach which begins with the pre-nursery stage and progresses toward the main nursery before transplanting seedlings into the plantation site. Data or life cycle inventory (LCI) of seedling production were collected through questionnaire surveys and personal meetings with forest nurseries managers and workers regarding consumption of different inputs such as electricity, diesel, fertilizers, herbicides, and polyethylene bags, organic manure, and water consumption. The SimaPro software version 8.5 and the CML2000 v2.05 environmental model was applied to perform life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for a single seedling production in forest nurseries in the study area. In line with the objectives of the study, primary data regarding inputs and outputs of the nurseries were collected from 35 nurseries in the study area by using a random questionnaire method. In addition, secondary data were taken from online databases such as Eco-invent v.3.2 CORRIM and peer-reviewed published literature. For this study, a functional unit of a single seedling was considered. Production weighted average data were modeled in the latest environmental modeling software i.e., SimaPro v.8.5 for ten US-EPA most wanted environmental impacts, such as global warming potential (GWP), abiotic depletion (AD), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity (FAE), marine water eco-toxicity (MWE), terrestrial eco-toxicity (TE), ozone layer depletion (OLD), photochemical oxidation (PO), and human toxicity (HT). The results showed that the highest environmental impact posed by a single seedling was marine aquatic eco-toxicity (11.31360 kg 1,4-DB eq), followed by global warming potential (0.02945 kg CO2 eq) and (0.01227 kg 1,4-DB eq) human toxicity. The primary reason for these environmental burdens was the use of synthetic fertilizers in forest nurseries and the consumption of fossil fuels in nursery mechanization and transportation activities. The total cumulative energy demand for a single seedling was (0.800 MJ) with more than 90% contribution from fossil fuel energy resources such as petrol and diesel. It is therefore highly recommended to use renewable energy resources and organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers in forest nurseries to avoid and minimize greenhouse gas emissions (GHS) and other toxic emissions in the study area.

    Keywords:environmental sustainability; softwood and hardwood; seedling production

    Copyright © Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia. 中文内容为AI机器翻译,仅供参考!

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    期刊名:Brazilian journal of biology

    缩写:BRAZ J BIOL

    ISSN:1519-6984

    e-ISSN:1678-4375

    IF/分区:0.0/

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