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Roles of the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus and dopaminergic nucleus A11 region as supraspinal defecation centers in rats

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We previously demonstrated that administration of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin into the lumbosacral defecation center caused propulsive contractions of the colorectum. It is known that the monoamines in the spinal cord are released mainly from desce... ...