Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics: do they have a role in reducing uremic toxins? A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Objective. This paper assessed the effectiveness of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on reducing two protein-bound uremic toxins, p-cresyl sulphate (PCS) and indoxyl sulphate (IS). Methods. English language studies reporting serum, urinary, or fecal PCS and/or IS (o... ...